An excess of potassium ions makes KCl crystals appear violet or lilac in colour because-

a. Some of the anionic sites are occupied by an unpaired electron
b. Some of the anionic sites are occupied by a pair of electrons
c. There are vacancies at some anionic sites
d. F-centres are created which impart colour to the crystals

The correct choice among the given is-

1. (a, b)

2. (b, c)

3. (c, d)

4. (a, d)